A transaction that is not an exchange transaction. In other words, it is a transaction whereby an entity either receives value from another party against no value or equal value in return (in which case it is known as a non-exchange asset), or it gives value to another party without directly getting any value or equal value in exchange (in which case it is known as a non-exchange liability).

Broadly speaking, non-exchange transactions involves one-sided unconditional transfers of value (contributions). For example, a non-exchange liability may arise from taxes, transfers (whether cash or non-cash), such as grants, debt waivers, fines, bequests, gifts, donations, and goods and services in-kind.