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Accruals

Amounts of money that have been earned or spent (expensed), but not yet actually received or paid (i.e., no cash...

Accruals as Earnings Management Instrument

Accruals as an earnings management instrument are defined as the difference between the reported income and the cash flow generated...

Nonroutine Estimate

An accounting estimate that is not made on a routine basis or as part of a routine practice or policy....

Routine Estimate

An accounting estimate that is made on a routine basis or as part of a routine practice or policy. In...

Earnings Management

The use of accounting tools and techniques to prepare financial statements that present an overly positive or optimistic view of...

Routine Accounting Estimate

An accounting estimate that is made on a routine basis or as part of a routine practice or policy. In...

Intercompany Eliminations

The set of processes by which an organization removes - or zeroes- intercompany transactions to avoid any duplication or double...

Lateral Transaction

A category of intercompany transaction that represents flow of business or activities between two subsidiaries, or similar structures, owned by...

Upstream Transaction

A category of intercompany transactions that occurs when a subsidiary sells (or transfers economic resources) to its parent company. In...

Downstream Transaction

A category of intercompany transaction that takes place in the direction from a parent to a subsidiary, being two entities...