It stands for historical equity premium; a concept of equity premium (EP) that reflects the historical excess return (of equity...

A concept of equity premium (EP) that reflects the historical excess return (of equity market) over that of risk-free investment...

A sort of capital that is formed from, and consists of, both equity and debt components. In other words, it...

A bond that carries a limited or low risk of default and therefore is granted high ratings by credit rating...

A financial security that has the characteristics of debt and equity. A classic example of hybrid equity securities is the...

A bond that is issued by a private nonprofit entity such as a hospital, school, church, etc. Typically, an issuer…

A financial product that combines two products or more, or that combines a specific number of products with add-on features...

A financial product that combines two products or more, or that combines a specific number of products with add-on features...

An instrument (financial instrument) that combines multiple elements or components of different, distinguishing features, particularly debt-type (debt instrument) and equity-type...

The process of raising funds by issuing unsecured low-grade, high-yield securities  (junk notes, junk bonds, etc.). This is usual at…