Arabic for obligation or duty. In this sense, and in usul al-fiqh, fardh (فرض) encompasses all acts considered by shari’a…

An authoritative shari’a textual source (nass) whose authenticity is disputed by Muslim scholars. For example, for rulings based on qiyas,...

Arabic (نص قطعي) for an authoritative shari’a textual source (nass) whose authenticity is not a subject of dispute or speculation...

Arabic (فرد) for individual/person/one. However, it may be sometimes, mistakenly used to refer to obligation or duty (the right spelling…

The process of verification of the existence of illah and effective cause (ratio legis) in an individual case, after having...

The process of verification of the existence of illah and effective cause (ratio legis) in an individual case, after having...