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Buy Side of the Trading Industry

The buy side of the trading industry consists of investors (both individual and institutional, mutual funds, trusts, insurance funds, pension...

Sell Side of the Trading Industry

The sell side of the trading industry consists of dealers and brokers who provide exchange services to the buy side....

VWAP Calculation

The volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the dollar amount traded for every securities transaction divided by the total number of...

Volume-Weighted Average Price Formula

The volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the dollar amount traded for every securities transaction divided by the total number of...

Delay Cost Formula

The delay cost results from the inability or lack of action to immediately complete the trade of buying or selling...

Quoted Spread Formula

The quoted bid-ask spread is the difference between a market maker's (a dealer's) ask and bid price quotes at a...

Volume-Weighted Average Price Calculation

The volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the dollar amount traded for every securities transaction divided by the total number of...

Implementation Shortfall Formula

The implementation shortfall is a measure of the cost of trade implementation. It is a type of friction costs as...

Disadvantages of Implementation Shortfall

Implementation shortfall (IS) is defined as a measure of trading inefficiency- i.e., it measures the cost of trade implementation. For...

Example of a Handle

A handle (root price or big figure quote) is the whole dollar portion of a price or a quotation. More...