Arabic (مدين) for debtor; a party (legal or natural) that owes an amount of money (in whatever form, including economic resources) to another party as a result of a loan (qard/ qardh) extended by the latter to the former, or a liability that arises from other contractual or non-contractual relationship. For example, a person may be indebted to a bank for a certain monetary amount in connection with a personal loan extended by the bank (the creditor).

A company may also be a “debtor” to a customer (in which case, a creditor) as a result of non-monetary liability that arises from product warranties, etc.