Instruments or investments or holdings that are not equity, per se, but bear similarity to equity instruments/ investments/ holdings or...

An excessive profiteering in which the seller intentionally deceives the buyer by stating explicitly or implicitly that the sale price...

Arabic (دين موثق) for debt (dain) that is backed by an asset (collateral or rahn) owned by the debtor (madeen)...

A pledged asset/ collateral (rahn) in which the posted asset, in association with a credit transaction, can be provided by...

Arabic (فرض العين) for individual duty or obligation. It is an act that is compulsory for every competent Muslim (man...

A type of commercial paper that constitutes a certificate issued by a drawer to another person (the drawee) with the...

Arabic (عكس التورق) for reverse monetization (reverse tawarruq); a form of tawarruq in which the mustawriq/mutawarriq (monetizer) is a financial...

A contract (aqd) which is incidental or auxiliary to another contract (usually a principal contract). Accessory contracts are mainly used...