The actual or expected cost that an insurer would incur as indemnity payments and allocated loss adjustment expenses (or the...

The danger or possibility that a portfolio of an insurance firm, pension scheme or any annuity-paying institution will suffer a...

In principle, a ladder option (ratchet option) is an option (or a warrant, index-linked note) that subjects its minimum payoff...

A ratio that relates losses incurred by an insurance firm to earned premiums (EPs) expressed as a percentage. Loss ratio...