Arabic for obligation or duty. In this sense, and in usul al-fiqh, fardh (فرض) encompasses all acts considered by shari’a a must-do by Muslims, whether individually or collectively. Accordingly, furoodh (pl. of fardh) are usually classified as fardh ‘ayn (فرض عين) or fardh kifayah (فرض كفاية).
In Arabic, fardh may also refer to imposition, estimation, or decisiveness. Technically, in matters related to inheritance, it means a share of inheritance assigned to an heir (warith) based on a shari’a text (nass) or consensus.
