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Futures Margin

Investors using futures contracts must post margin (in the form of cash or marketable securities) in an account maintained by...

Convertibles as Derivatives

Convertible bonds are typically embedded with specific types of derivatives (call, put, and swap). From an equity investor’s perspective, a...

Day-Count Convention for CDS Spreads

The day-count convention for CDS spreads is actual/ 360 (similar to floating legs of interest-rate swap). The actual/ 360 Is...

Interest Rate Derivatives

The most widely used underlying variables in derivatives are stock prices, stock indexes, commodity prices, exchanges rates, and interest rates....

Notional Leverage Instruments

Characteristically, derivatives have one advantage over stocks and bonds even though at higher price volatility (and hence higher risk). The...

Types of Money Market Derivatives

A money market derivative is a short-term interest rate derivative used in money market trading and hedging. It allows market...

Composition of the Swap Rate

A swap rate is the market rate on the fixed-rate leg of a swap. This rate is paid by the...

Types of Credit Derivatives

A credit derivative is a tool designed to transfer credit risk between two parties: a credit risk seller and a...

Changing The Beta of a Portfolio Using Futures

Futures contracts are sometimes used to alter the beta of a portfolio which has been reduced to zero (in order...

Difference Between Options and Futures Contracts

An option is a derivative contract giving the holder (buyer) the right, without the obligation, to trade (buy or sell)...